India urges developed countries to meet climate finance obligations at COP31

India set out its position on climate finance at COP31 in Antalya, Türkiye, in an opening statement released on 10 November 2026. Environment Secretary Narendra Bhooshan called on developed countries to meet their obligations under the Paris Agreement. He stressed equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. India placed particular emphasis on public finance from developed countries and on the need to strengthen financial support for adaptation in developing countries.

The statement also put adaptation and a fair energy transition among India’s priorities for the negotiations. It distinguished between the need to cut emissions and the need to help countries respond to effects that they already face or expect. Both are relevant to finance under the Paris Agreement. India’s statement was a national position presented during the conference. Its requests should be distinguished from any collective decision that the parties might adopt by the end of the meeting.

Facts to remember

• India’s opening statement was released on 10 November 2026.
• The statement was delivered by Environment Secretary Narendra Bhooshan in Antalya, Türkiye.
• India stressed equity, differentiated responsibilities and public finance for climate action.
• Article 9 of the Paris Agreement is the relevant finance provision.

Background

Article 9 of the Paris Agreement requires developed country parties to provide financial resources to assist developing country parties with mitigation and adaptation. Other parties are encouraged to provide support voluntarily. This difference in the treaty’s wording explains why an exam answer should distinguish the duty of developed parties from voluntary contributions by others.

Why it matters for exams

For CLAT and UGC-NET Law environmental law, revise Article 9 and distinguish a negotiating position from an adopted conference decision.