Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Contents

Chapter I — Preliminary

• Section 1 – Short title, commencement and application
• Section 2 – Definitions
• Section 3 – General explanations

Chapter II — Of Punishments

• Section 4 – Punishments
• Section 5 – Commutation of sentence
• Section 6 – Fractions of terms of punishment
• Section 7 – Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple
• Section 8 – Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc
• Section 9 – Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences
• Section 10 – Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.
• Section 11 – Solitary confinement
• Section 12 – Limit of solitary confinement
• Section 13 – Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction

Chapter III — General Exceptions

• Section 14 – Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
• Section 15 – Act of Judge when acting judicially
• Section 16 – Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court
• Section 17 – Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law
• Section 18 – Accident in doing a lawful act
• Section 19 – Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
• Section 20 – Act of a child under seven years of age
• Section 21 – Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding
• Section 22 – Act of a person of unsound mind
• Section 23 – Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will
• Section 24 – Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated
• Section 25 – Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
• Section 26 – Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit
• Section 27 – Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian.
• Section 28 – Consent known to be given under fear or misconception
• Section 29 – Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
• Section 30 – Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent
• Section 31 – Communication made in good faith
• Section 32 – Act to which a person is compelled by threats
• Section 33 – Act causing slight harm Of right of private defence
• Section 34 – Things done in private defence
• Section 35 – Right of private defence of body and of property
• Section 36 – Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc
• Section 37 – Acts against which there is no right of private defence
• Section 38 – When right of private defence of body extends to causing death
• Section 39 – When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
• Section 40 – Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body
• Section 41 – When right of private defence of property extends to causing death
• Section 42 – When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
• Section 43 – Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property
• Section 44 – Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person of abetment

Chapter IV — Of Abetment, Criminal Conspiracy And Attempt

• Section 45 – Abetment of a thing
• Section 46 – Abettor
• Section 47 – Abetment in India of offences outside India
• Section 48 – Abetment outside India for offence in India
• Section 49 – Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.
• Section 50 – Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.
• Section 51 – Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done
• Section 52 – Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done
• Section 53 – Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor
• Section 54 – Abettor present when offence is committed
• Section 55 – Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
• Section 56 – Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment
• Section 57 – Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons
• Section 58 – Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
• Section 59 – Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent
• Section 60 – Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment Of criminal conspiracy
• Section 61 – Criminal conspiracy Of attempt
• Section 62 – Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment. O Of sexual offences

Chapter V

• Section 63 – Rape
• Section 64 – Punishment for rape
• Section 65 – Punishment for rape in certain cases
• Section 66 – Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim
• Section 67 – Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation
• Section 68 – Sexual intercourse by a person in authority
• Section 69 – Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc
• Section 70 – Gang rape
• Section 71 – Punishment for repeat offenders
• Section 72 – Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc
• Section 73 – Printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission Of criminal force and assault against woman
• Section 74 – Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty
• Section 75 – Sexual harassment
• Section 76 – Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe
• Section 77 – Voyeurism
• Section 78 – Stalking
• Section 79 – Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman Of offences relating to marriage
• Section 80 – Dowry death
• Section 81 – Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage
• Section 82 – Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife
• Section 83 – Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage
• Section 84 – Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman
• Section 85 – Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty
• Section 86 – Cruelty defined
• Section 87 – Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc Of causing miscarriage, etc.
• Section 88 – Causing miscarriage
• Section 89 – Causing miscarriage without woman's consent
• Section 90 – Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage
• Section 91 – Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth
• Section 92 – Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide Of offences against child
• Section 93 – Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it.
• Section 94 – Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body
• Section 95 – Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence
• Section 96 – Procuration of child
• Section 97 – Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person
• Section 98 – Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc
• Section 99 – Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc Of offences affecting life

Chapter VI — Of Offences Affecting The Human Body

• Section 100 – Culpable homicide
• Section 101 – Murder
• Section 102 – Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended
• Section 103 – Punishment for murder
• Section 104 – Punishment for murder by life-convict
• Section 105 – Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder
• Section 106 – Causing death by negligence
• Section 107 – Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind
• Section 108 – Abetment of suicide
• Section 109 – Attempt to murder
• Section 110 – Attempt to commit culpable homicide
• Section 111 – Organised crime
• Section 112 – Petty organised crime
• Section 113 – Terrorist act Of hurt
• Section 114 – Hurt
• Section 115 – Voluntarily causing hurt
• Section 116 – Grievous hurt
• Section 117 – Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
• Section 118 – Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
• Section 119 – Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act
• Section 120 – Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.
• Section 121 – Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty
• Section 122 – Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation
• Section 123 – Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence
• Section 124 – Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc
• Section 125 – Act endangering life or personal safety of others Of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement
• Section 126 – Wrongful restraint
• Section 127 – Wrongful confinement Of criminal force and assault
• Section 128 – Force
• Section 129 – Criminal force
• Section 130 – Assault
• Section 131 – Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation
• Section 132 – Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty
• Section 133 – Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.
• Section 134 – Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person
• Section 135 – Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person
• Section 136 – Assault or criminal force on grave provocation Of kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour
• Section 137 – Kidnapping
• Section 138 – Abduction
• Section 139 – Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging
• Section 140 – Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc
• Section 141 – Importation of girl or boy from foreign country
• Section 142 – Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person
• Section 143 – Trafficking of person
• Section 144 – Exploitation of a trafficked person
• Section 145 – Habitual dealing in slaves
• Section 146 – Unlawful compulsory labour

Chapter VII — Of Offences Against The State

• Section 147 – Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India.
• Section 148 – Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147
• Section 149 – Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India
• Section 150 – Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war
• Section 151 – Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful power.
• Section 152 – Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
• Section 153 – Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India
• Section 154 – Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India
• Section 155 – Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154
• Section 156 – Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape
• Section 157 – Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape
• Section 158 – Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner

Chapter VIII — Of Offences Relating To The Army, Navy And Air Force

• Section 159 – Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty
• Section 160 – Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof
• Section 161 – Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.
• Section 162 – Abetment of such assault, if assault committed
• Section 163 – Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman
• Section 164 – Harbouring deserter
• Section 165 – Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master
• Section 166 – Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman
• Section 167 – Persons subject to certain Acts
• Section 168 – Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman O

Chapter IX

• Section 169 – Candidate, electoral right defined
• Section 170 – Bribery
• Section 171 – Undue influence at elections
• Section 172 – Personation at elections
• Section 173 – Punishment for bribery
• Section 174 – Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election
• Section 175 – False statement in connection with an election
• Section 176 – Illegal payments in connection with an election
• Section 177 – Failure to keep election accounts O

Chapter X

• Section 178 – Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes
• Section 179 – Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.
• Section 180 – Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes
• Section 181 – Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.
• Section 182 – Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes
• Section 183 – Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.
• Section 184 – Using Government stamp known to have been before used
• Section 185 – Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used
• Section 186 – Prohibition of fictitious stamps
• Section 187 – Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.
• Section 188 – Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint O

Chapter XI

• Section 189 – Unlawful assembly
• Section 190 – Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.
• Section 191 – Rioting
• Section 192 – Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed.
• Section 193 – Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place
• Section 194 – Affray
• Section 195 – Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc
• Section 196 – Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.
• Section 197 – Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration O

Chapter XII

• Section 198 – Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person
• Section 199 – Public servant disobeying direction under law
• Section 200 – Punishment for non-treatment of victim
• Section 201 – Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury
• Section 202 – Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade
• Section 203 – Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property
• Section 204 – Personating a public servant
• Section 205 – Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent

Chapter XIII — Of Contempts Of The Lawful Authority Of Public Servants

• Section 206 – Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding
• Section 207 – Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof
• Section 208 – Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant
• Section 209 – Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
• Section 210 – Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.
• Section 211 – Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it
• Section 212 – Furnishing false information
• Section 213 – Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it
• Section 214 – Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question
• Section 215 – Refusing to sign statement
• Section 216 – False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.
• Section 217 – False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person.
• Section 218 – Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant
• Section 219 – Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant
• Section 220 – Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant
• Section 221 – Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions
• Section 222 – Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
• Section 223 – Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant
• Section 224 – Threat of injury to public servant
• Section 225 – Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant
• Section 226 – Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power O

Chapter XIV

• Section 227 – Giving false evidence
• Section 228 – Fabricating false evidence
• Section 229 – Punishment for false evidence
• Section 230 – Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence
• Section 231 – Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.
• Section 232 – Threatening any person to give false evidence
• Section 233 – Using evidence known to be false
• Section 234 – Issuing or signing false certificate
• Section 235 – Using as true a certificate known to be false
• Section 236 – False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
• Section 237 – Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false
• Section 238 – Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender.
• Section 239 – Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform
• Section 240 – Giving false information respecting an offence committed
• Section 241 – Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence
• Section 242 – False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution
• Section 243 – Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.
• Section 244 – Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
• Section 245 – Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due
• Section 246 – Dishonestly making false claim in Court
• Section 247 – Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due
• Section 248 – False charge of offence made with intent to injure
• Section 249 – Harbouring offender
• Section 250 – Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment
• Section 251 – Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender
• Section 252 – Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc
• Section 253 – Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered.
• Section 254 – Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits
• Section 255 – Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.
• Section 256 – Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.
• Section 257 – Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law
• Section 258 – Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law.
• Section 259 – Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend
• Section 260 – Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed.
• Section 261 – Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant
• Section 262 – Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension
• Section 263 – Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person
• Section 264 – Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for.
• Section 265 – Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for.
• Section 266 – Violation of condition of remission of punishment
• Section 267 – Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding
• Section 268 – Personation of assessor
• Section 269 – Failure by person released on bail bond or bond to appear in Court

Chapter XV — Of Offences Affecting The Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency And Morals

• Section 270 – Public nuisance
• Section 271 – Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life
• Section 272 – Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life
• Section 273 – Disobedience to quarantine rule
• Section 274 – Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale
• Section 275 – Sale of noxious food or drink
• Section 276 – Adulteration of drugs
• Section 277 – Sale of adulterated drugs
• Section 278 – Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation
• Section 279 – Fouling water of public spring or reservoir
• Section 280 – Making atmosphere noxious to health
• Section 281 – Rash driving or riding on a public way
• Section 282 – Rash navigation of vessel
• Section 283 – Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy
• Section 284 – Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel
• Section 285 – Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation
• Section 286 – Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance
• Section 287 – Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter
• Section 288 – Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance
• Section 289 – Negligent conduct with respect to machinery
• Section 290 – Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc
• Section 291 – Negligent conduct with respect to animal
• Section 292 – Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for
• Section 293 – Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue
• Section 294 – Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc
• Section 295 – Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child
• Section 296 – Obscene acts and songs
• Section 297 – Keeping lottery office O

Chapter XVI

• Section 298 – Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class
• Section 299 – Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.
• Section 300 – Disturbing religious assembly
• Section 301 – Trespassing on burial places, etc
• Section 302 – Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person Of theft

Chapter XVII — Of Offences Against Property

• Section 303 – Theft
• Section 304 – Snatching
• Section 305 – Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc
• Section 306 – Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master
• Section 307 – Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft. Of extortion
• Section 308 – Extortion Of robbery and dacoity
• Section 309 – Robbery
• Section 310 – Dacoity
• Section 311 – Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt
• Section 312 – Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon
• Section 313 – Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc Of criminal misappropriation of property
• Section 314 – Dishonest misappropriation of property
• Section 315 – Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death. Of criminal breach of trust
• Section 316 – Criminal breach of trust Of receiving stolen property
• Section 317 – Stolen property Of cheating
• Section 318 – Cheating
• Section 319 – Cheating by personation Of fraudulent deeds and dispositions of property
• Section 320 – Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors.
• Section 321 – Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors
• Section 322 – Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration.
• Section 323 – Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property Of mischief
• Section 324 – Mischief
• Section 325 – Mischief by killing or maiming animal
• Section 326 – Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc
• Section 327 – Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden.
• Section 328 – Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc. Of criminal trespass
• Section 329 – Criminal trespass and house-trespass
• Section 330 – House-trespass and hous-ebreaking
• Section 331 – Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking
• Section 332 – House-trespass in order to commit offence
• Section 333 – House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint
• Section 334 – Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property

Chapter XVIII — Of Offences Relating To Documents And To Property Marks

• Section 335 – Making a false document
• Section 336 – Forgery
• Section 337 – Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc
• Section 338 – Forgery of valuable security, will, etc
• Section 339 – Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine.
• Section 340 – Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine
• Section 341 – Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338.
• Section 342 – Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.
• Section 343 – Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security
• Section 344 – Falsification of accounts Of property marks
• Section 345 – Property mark
• Section 346 – Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury
• Section 347 – Counterfeiting a property mark
• Section 348 – Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark
• Section 349 – Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark
• Section 350 – Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods OF CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULT, ANNOYANCE, DEFAMATION, ETC.

Chapter XIX

• Section 351 – Criminal intimidation
• Section 352 – Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace
• Section 353 – Statements conducing to public mischief
• Section 354 – Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure.
• Section 355 – Misconduct in public by a drunken person Of defamation
• Section 356 – Defamation Of breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person
• Section 357 – Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person

Chapter XX — Repeal And Savings

• Section 358 – Repeal and savings THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023 A N . 45 OF 2023 [25th December, 2023.] An Act to consolidate and amend the provisions relating to offences and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.